Basque Origins | DNA, Language, and History

They have highest percentage of O negative blood type than does any other country. I have the same type.

Asia by an Asian

 

Conversation about the rise of Asia takes place at the University of California at Berkeley

Modern History

Republican

 

                 Napoleon Bonaparte, a leading republican of his day, was willing to become Emperor of France. 

                 France welcomed Bonaparte as Emperor. There may be a lesson to be learned from this bit of history.

                Napoleon did bring reforms to Europe and beyond in the fields of science, education, and a variety of cultural areas. These works could be called republican.

                The legal system called the Napoleonic Code, influenced much of Europe and a significant part of the rest of the World. Napoleonic law is an important part of the law of the U.S. state of Louisiana. 

                Napoleon was a warrior, a leader of armies. Some have said that he won a war against  Russian. To attack Russia, he left home with about a half million men. He returned home with about 20,000 men and "the shirt on his back."

                He met his "Waterloo" in a battle against Prussia and Britain. In that battle Prussia "saved Britain's bacon.

                After Waterloo, Britain, Spain, Prussia, Austria, Russia, and others joined one another in suppressing liberal movements throughout Europe. 

 

This is a history TEST:

~ Why do the histories of so many revolutions seem revolting?

~ Where is your revolution headed?

~ Why might a republican be willing to become an Emperor?

~ What is a "loo?"

~ Why ought the citizens of a republic be responsible?

 

 

                                                                    rcs

Neanderthals One

 Most of the first things I noted about the Neanderthals

                    Neanderthals lived in Europe perhaps 400,000 years ago and may have been in that region more than twice that many years ago.

                    Neanderthals may have lived in Spain(Cidron) as recently as 49,000 years ago. They may have practiced cannibalism there as recently as 60,000 years ago.

                    Mysterian Neanderthals may have lived as recently as 28,000 thousand years ago.

                    It seems that many Neanderthals may have had red hair. 

                    It seems that through important periods of time Neanderthals may have been fewer than "us." Nearly all of us are probably partly Neanderthal. 

                    Dramatic climate changes and severe weather impacted us and Neanderthals. 49,000 years ago Neanderthals were a dying race.

                    Through important periods of time Neanderthals numbered much fewer than us,

                  It appeared that the great majority of us had ancestors who had been intimate with Neanderthals,

                    The next thing I noted is that some of my biological traits seem significantly neanderthalish.

                    The next thing that I noted is that Earth changes had been very hard on the Neanderthal and has been very hard on all of humanity for Ages.

                                                                                                                            by Richard

Transformations of the European Continent | YouTube Video

             Get to know Europe and it's natural history. The European continent has gone through enormous changes. The peoples of that continent are experiencing great changes today. Many of those people count Iceland as part of Europe. Get a taste, here, of the natural history of Europe. You can begin to understand the great transformation of the European continent.

                                                                            rcs

In Reference to a Timeline Item Comment

History With RCS :In Reference to  Gerry Art's Comment to post 2,660 BC to 2,400 BC in reference to metal work of the period.

                I will tell what I can about the metal work of that period. The post centers on 2,500 BC which marks the a high point of the the Bronze Age of most of Europe, much of North Africa, and nearly all of the Near East. That is much of Europe, the Mediterranean and beyond was enjoying the Bronze Age, which to some has seemed a golden age. 
    

                I am pleased to be able to say that during this period Ireland was one of the most productive miners of gold and the producer of of some of the finest gold work. Some of the gold work which marked Ireland of this period were the following: Lunulea, a form of collar; torcs, a kind of neck piece which bent firmly around the neck, they were strikingly handsome; gorgets, they were a sort of chest piece or breast piece and often the most beautiful and intricit of these items. It may have been used to hold articles of dress in place. Rings and a large number of other items were also produced in gold.

                I am speaking of Bronze Age Gold work. But much fine gold work in an early age when much copper was mined and worked well before the Bronze Age. 

                I seem to be forming my remarks here almost entirely around Ireland, but a Bronze Age was occurring around much of the world.

                It has been said that there was a Bronze age in Ireland from 2500 BC to 500 BC. I believe that there is now important evidence of important Bronze work being done in Ireland by 2,700 BC. I am also fairly sure that an Iron Age had already begun in Ireland 600 BC.

            Let me include that the Bronze Age in Ireland and Beyond was preceded by the neolithic period, which we might call the New Stone Age. The Bronze Age was followed by the Iron Age. I traumatic change in much of the world.

                In the neolithic period gold and were both already mined and worked in Ireland. Fine work was produced in small quantities. Silver and lead were probably also mined and worked in small quantities.

                It seems that I had Ireland on the mind when I began this piece.

                Ireland entered the Bronze Age as a major miner and worker of Gold. In that Bronze Age a variety of bronzes were founded. Nearly all of them were an alloy mostly of copper but always with a portion of tin. I do not recall the usual proportions just now. How- ever there was bronze produced using arsnic in the place of tin. The tin was used to make the copper stronger, more resistant, and harder than copper. It also turned out to be a sort of stainless copper with the look of gold!

                Tin was both mined in Ireland and imported to Ireland. A sort of metal alchemy was begun which employed mercury, lead, arsnic, silver, gold and other elements. The mining, smelting and working of tin and copper to make bronze was a sophisticated process. 

                The Iron Age in Ireland as in Europe, North Africa, the Near East and beyond was begun by a new people who proved to be many. These people knew horses well. They knew the processes of mining, smelting and working iron. They made iron swords which cut through bronze weapons. They dominated Bronze Age people nearly everywhere. They were able to dominate cultures which were in many ways superior to theirs. At times they recognized this. They brought a new language, they brought it to Ireland and it became the mother of all the language spoken there for over two thousand years. It is the Gaelic which is still spoken in parts of Ireland. English is the dominate language on the Island today. English too is born of that Iron Age language.

                So, what are the Bronze age metals: gold, silver, copper, lead, arsnic, mercury, tin, and certainly more known by some. Bronze, a metal alloy made by man, and still one of the most beautiful and useful metals made by man and one of the least toxic if not made with arsenic. The alloy named an Age. We have much more to learn of the Bronze Age.

            Thank you for your comment Gerry Art.

                                                                                            rcs.

                

               

 

Discuss Ukraine

History With RCS: Thoughtful words about some recent  history                             

Neanderthal Recalled

 Mago Bill, archaeology: We have a lot more than Neanderthals now, but let's remember the neanderthal we know.
 

                Neanderthals lived in Europe perhaps 400,000 years ago and may have been in that region more than twice that many years ago.

                Neanderthals may have lived in Spain(Cidron) as recently as 49,000 years ago. They may have practiced cannibalism there as recently as 60,000 years ago.

                Mysterian Neanderthals may have lived as recently as 28,000 thousand years ago.

                It seems that many Neanderthals may have had red hair. 

                It seems that through important periods of time Neanderthals may have been fewer than "us." Nearly all of us are probably partly Neanderthal. 

                Dramatic climate changes and severe weather impacted us and Neanderthals. 49,000 years ago Neanderthals were a dying race.

                I'll write more abundantly about our old friends, our old cousins when ever you wish. Let me know in "comments" below. However, by searching the 60 posts on this blog you may find all you care to know waiting for you right here. By checking the info already here you may find more specific questions to ask me. Also you may be able to correct errors I have made or add new information yourself.


                                                                                by Richard
 

It's Not Made of Silk

History With RCS: We might call these sentences Silk Road 101 as though they were an introduction to a semester on the topic.

            I think that on another blog I may have called it the Iranian Horsemen Road. Anyway,I believe that by 2000 BC there was already enough silk on the great trading network , we have called the Silk Road, to fairly call it a silk road.

            By the time Europeans knew that they were trading with China and India, the Road ran from beyond Java to Italy and included more than trade just with India and China..

I believe that India early traded fine textiles on the Road.

From about 500 BC to about 200 BC Persian(Iranian) horsemen and their wheeled vehicles kept trade moving along the Road from the far east to the near east.

The Chinese, especially those of the Han Empire, did a good job of keeping trade moving on the Road from 206 BC to about 220 AD when the Ottomans closed it. During those 400 or so years the Han's traded a lot of silk.

Does anyone want to know what was  going on along the route before 500 BC to about about 2000 BC?

The Chinese now have a new fast railroad link along the Road. What else is going on their? Is it true that the Iranians controlled the road the longest.



                                                            by Richard Sheehan






 

Red Indians: not in Europe!

 History With RCS, archaeology, prehistory, history, and a little conjecture

                Why did newcomers to to the east coast of North America, years before and after 1500 AD, often speak of red Indians? I have seen many Indians from coast to coast in the U.S. and  none looked red to me. Once I did see a Navajo "medicine man" painted red for a purification ceremony.

                Painted.

                My questions, as to why east coast Indians were so often called red, have not been answered. So, I have looked around a bit and trying to make an 'educated' guess.

                So far, I have discovered that professionals have written about a Red Paint People on the northeast coast of North America known mostly by their burial remains. Burial sites found all over the east coast of Canada and the U.S. The east coast where the term Red Indian was most used. Those Red Paint People used what looked to be red paint to color their grave sites and their dead red. It has been said that those sites were dated from about 4500 BP to about 1000 AD.

                Could ancestors of the Red Paint People have been painting themselves red when some of our ancestors arrived

                Red.

                Then, in the literature, I found discussion of a Red Ochre People having lived in much the same area. They have been dated back to 5000 BC or earlier. They too spread red coloring around their dwellings, burial sites, and over their dead. May they not have colored their living red? May the not have had some family colored red around 1500?

                I observed, not so long ago, Indians who passed their days at Santo Domingo do los Colorados, Ecuador with their skin colored red.

                So then, could it be that in those early days of discovery and exploration our ancestors were not color blind, but that rather they actually observed native peoples colored red?

                Maybe later, words about the Ancient Maritime People of all around the North Atlantic who liked the iron oxide red coloring greatly may be an appropriate.

by Richard

Ice Ages: we continue to gather and interpret information

Geological Time Forms an Important Part and Kind of Our History. We can call it the history of our Earth in a different language.

 

This talk on the geology of the last two Ice Ages can give you an interesting place to beginning your learning of geological happenings present, past and long past. You can even learn a bit about the science of gathering and interpreting information. Connect that which you know about mega fauna and dinosaurs with what you know of Ice Age.

Revolting

 History With RCS: Bonaparte had a good appreciation of the Republicanism of his day.

 

                Napoleon Bonaparte, a leading republican of Europe, was willing to become Emperor of France. Republican France welcomed Napoleon as Emperor! There may be a lesson or two to be learned from that bit of history.

                Napoleon did bring reforms to Europe in the fields of science, education and in a variety of cultural areas. Those works of his could be called republican.

                The legal system called the  the Napoleonic Code influenced most of the West and much of the East. It is extent in the U.S. state of Louisiana.

                Napoleon was a warrior, a leader of armies. Some say he won a war against Russia. To attack Russia he left home with about a half a million men, the largest army ever assembled in Europe until that time. He returned home with about 20,000 men and "the shirt on his back."

                He met his Waterloo in a battle against Prussia and GB in which Prussia saved Britain's bacon.

                After Waterloo Great Britain, Spain, Prussia, Russia, Austria and others  joined one another for suppressing liberal movements throughout Europe.

Lessons may begin with questions like:
Why do the histories of many revolutions seem revolting?
Why might a republican be willing to become an Emperor?
Why ought the citizens of a republic be responsible?
Where is your revolution headed?

'A World Archaeology

History With RCS: Ice Age Islands: Early humans and long-term climate change.   

 A world archaeology leads to our much greater understanding.                                            rcs